Method of and apparatus for forming molds



2 Sheets-Sheet- 1.

(No Model.)

` S. J. ADAMS. l METHOD V01: AND APPARATUS POR- FORMINGMOLDS. No. 274,691. PlatentedMaLZ?, 1883.

u. Pneus mrmhggnpm wma-gm an (No Model.)Y

2 Sheets-SheetI 2.

s. J.. ADAMS- METHOD OP AND APPARATUS FOR PORMING 'MOLDS- No. 274,691. Patented rMalnrl', 18,83.

L HHH Y Il. Illlallllll-lr nl PETERS, mbuxwgndmr. wmznmm n. c

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

S. JARVIS ADAMS7 OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING lVIOLDS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters PatentrNo. 274,691', dated March 27, 1883.

` Application tiled November 14,1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, S. JARVIS ADAMS, of Pittsburg, in the` county ot'` Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Forming Molds; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to the formation of molds in sand for casting Wagon-boxes, v`pipewelding balls, and like tubular articles.

It consists, irst, in forming tubular molds by first molding the cope-cavity and part of the mold, and then forming the remainder of the mold from the cope-cavity downward entirely through the mold material by displacing the mold material below the cope-cavity and discharging the surplus material through the bottom of the mold; second, in trst comf pacting the mold material in the llask and then forming the mold from above through the mold material of the flask and discharging the mold material through openings in the bottom board `below the flask; third, in certain improvements in the construction ot' the patterns, molding apparatus, and molding-table; and, fourth, in certain apparatus for guiding the cores into the tubular molds formed.

ATo enable others skilled in the art to make and use my, invention, I will describe the same more fully, referring for that purpose to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a longitudinal section of a flask tlled with the sand and patterns for forming the cope-prints therein. Fig. 2 is a side view of the molding table and apparatus, showing the same ready to form a mold. Fig. 8 is a longitudinal vertical section of the molding table and apparatus, showing the molds formed. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal vertical section ot' the ilask with the molds formed therein and the cores inserted. Fig.'5 is a longitudinal vertical section of a flask, illustrating the formation of long tubular molds, and showing the patterns in full lines, one pattern before entering the sand and one after the mold is formed; and Fig. 6 is a longitudinal vertical section of a table and flask, illustrating the means for guiding the cores into the molds. Fig. 7 is a sectional view of skeleton cutter.

.The holes through these cleats are slightly flaring, so as to enable the guide-rods to enter them more easily.

B is a plate carrying the patterns b for molding the cope prints or cavities b' in the sand of the flask, and having the guide-pins b2 at the center ot the ends thereof adapted to enter the cleats a and hold the flask and The flask plate in proper relative position. A is placed over the plate B and the cope'cavities molded therein, either by pressing, ramming, or, as preferred byme, by jarring the sand to place, in the latter case, the flask and plate being placed on a jarring-table and given a sufcient number of jars, as described in patents previously granted to me, to compact the sand properly. As the patterns are to be subsequently pressed into the sand, it is not desirable that it be too closely compacted, and by jarring it to place I am enabled to pack it evenly and yet as loosely as desired.

C represents my improved molding-table, and D the molding-frame above the table, in which the plate E, carrying the patterns e, is mounted so as to slide vertically. The table C is mounted on a single standard, c, and moves within a surrounding frame, c', extending out from the Wall or standard D', supporting the molding-frame. The standard c is supported at the base in a ball and socket or like joint, c3, so that itcan have armovement therein, and the movement'otl the table C, attached to the standard, is limited by this frame c', extending aronnd it, so that the table is formed. adjustable, and may conform itself and the flask A, supported on it, to the molding-patterns e, as hereinafter described. The table has lugs or ribs c2 on its upper surface, by which the flask is guided to or held in its proper position on the table, these lugs being on two or more sides of the table, as desired,

the lugs or ribs on two sides being generally considered sufficient. The table C has also openings f, extending through itin the sameV -line with the patterns e, supported in the mold r cActhe molds.

-with the patterns c.

ing-framesto permit the escape of sand pressed out of the flask, as hereinafter described, and at the base of the standard c is a leather, tin, or like apron, c4which prevents theentrance of sand into the ball-and-socket joint c3, when its falls through these openings. The frame D is formed of arms d, extending out horizontally from the wall or upright standards D', and having perpendicular guide-rods d', extending between these arms, and ou which the sleeves or sockets c, secured to the plate E, are mounted. These sleeves or sockets guide the movement of the pattern-plates and patterns. Motion is imparted to the pattern-plate and patterns by meansof the lever Gr, which is hinged or pivoted to the upright D', and extends across. the plateE, and has a pivot or coupling pin, g, fitting within the upright bar e2, extending up from the plate, so that the patterns may be drawn down or raised by means of this lever G. The pin g may either fit into an elongated seat or slot, g', in the bar e2, in order to allow its movement as the pattern-plate is ,raised or lowered, as shown, or the bar c may be pivoted both to the lever G and the pattern-plate, and thus accommodate itself to the movement of the lever. The patterrrplate E has guide-rods f', which fit into' the cleats a ofthe flask A, and thus draw the flask into the proper relative position with the patterns and hold'it during the formation of The guide-rods j" are pointed to enable them to enter the cleats a more readily. Afterthe cope cavities b are formed inthe ask A, as above described, the bottom board, H, is placed on theflask, and the tlaskisinverted, and the plate B, carrying the patterns b, is withdrawnin the usual manner. The bottom board, H, is provided with lugs or projections h', for holding it in proper relative posit-ion with the ask, two or more of these projections heilig employed, as desired. The projections may also be formed on the flask instead of the bottom boards,if desired. Extending through the bottom boards in vertical line with the patterns c are holes h, these holes h corresponding in number to the number of patterns employed, and in size approximately to the diameter of the lower portions of the patterns, so that the base of the patterns may pass into or through these holes after -the plate B is removed from the ask. The flask resting on the bottom boardis placed on the molding-table C, the edge of the flask or its bottom board resting against theguide lugs or ribs c2 and bringing the flask in proper position,`so that the cope-cavities b and openings h in the bottom board, and the openings f in the table, are all in vertical line In case the flask is not in proper relative position with the pattern e, the guide-bars f', entering the cleats ci, draw the ask and table over into the proper line with the patterns, the adjustable table conforming itself and allowing the ask to be drawn into proper line. The patterns are then pressed down into the sand of the ask by surplus sand through these holes.

means of the lever G, and are finally-pressed 'through the ask, their bascs'entering the holes h in the bottom board, and expelling the The action of the patterns is to press aside part of the sand and so further compact the mold, while the surplus sand is expelled from the ask, as above described, and an evenly-packed mold is therefore formed. As it is desired that the sand bc partially compacted in the flask before the finished patterns are formed therein, the advantage of molding the cope-cavities b thereinwill be seen, as too great pressure would bey required to press the large heads of the patterns into the partially-com pacted sand, and the sand itself would be packed too tightly. Instead of pressing the pattern by direct pressure into the sand, it may be rotated while entering the sand, as described in Letters Patent No. 257,991, granted me the 16th day of May, 1882; or the pattern may be arranged to cut out. the sand, as described in Letters Patent granted to me the 17th day of December, 1880. In the latter case the sand in the flask will of course be more tightly compacted before the mold is formed therein.

When using a rotating cutter pattern or in forming large molds, or molds which are long-l and narrowsuch as pipe-boxes-I generally employ a skeleton frame or cutter .at the base of the pattern, as shown in Fig. 5, this skeleton frameor cutter entering the sand before the pattern proper, and forming a hole extending entirely through the ask,so that the pattern may enter more easily, and the sand cui; or pressed out by it can pass out of the hole formed by the skeleton frame below the pattern. Where the pattern is pressed into the sand by direct pressure this skeleton frame K is formed of two at arms, 7c, and a flat ring,.

It', supported at their base, the skeleton cutter being iirst pressed into the sand and forming a hole through the ask, and the sand removed by it entering the frame and falling out of it as soon astheframepassesbelow thetlask through the holes 7i in the bottom board, El, and fin the molding-table, and leavingfree spaces for any sand loosened by the pattern to fallout at the bottom of the ask. Where the pattern is rotated the'ring lc at the base of the skeleton cutter is not required, and the flat arms will'cut loose the sand, which will then fall out at the base of the mold, and any sand cut or pressed out by the rotary pattern can fall out through the bottom ofthe flask.4

In Fig. 5 the pattern e is journaled in the pattern-plate, and poweris applied to the pattern to rotateit by means of pulley land belt Z. Only one such pattern is illustrated in the drawings, the connections for a nest of such patterns being easily arranged by a skilled mechanic.

Where the mold formed is shallow, as in pipe-balls, the cores can be placed therein hy hand, as shown in Fig. 4, the cores m being preferably formed around a core-rod, a, having IOC IOS

rio

IIS

addio!) l core in the mold.

Where a long mold is formed in a deep ask of sand, as shown in Figs. `5 and 6, lit is desirable to have a means for guiding the core m into the flask, and, as the mold is open at both ends, I am therefore enabled to use guiding aapparatus below the iask, and extending up through the opening at tho base of the mold to guide the core `to place.` This is illustrated in Fig. 6 of the drawings, in which p represents the guiding-rod sliding in bearings pf, extending out below the table, andhaving the cord passed over the Wheel i, and theweight s attached at the` other end. The guide-rod has a cup-shaped" seat,p2, at the top, and is raised by means ofthe weight up through the holelt in the bottom board, H, and through the mold formed, theend of the core-rod is placed in this seat p2, and the core lowered by means of this rod centrally of the mold into its proper place. Any suitable means of mounting this guide-rod or balancing it may be employed. l The guide-rod is held below the table by means of a stop, 1, which passes over the top ot' the guide-rod when it is not in use.

Molds are formed by my improved method and apparatus in the following manner: rIhe ask A is placed over the plate B, the guidepins b2 entering the cleats a and holding theA plate and flask in proper relative position. Ihe plate and flask are then placed upon a jarringtable, and the sand jarred into the flask and the cope-cavities b', formed in the sand, the sand being compacted as much as required for the formation of the molds. bottom board, H, is `then placed on top of the flask, being held in proper position by thelugs or projections h/.` The flask is inverted, and the plate B withdrawn. The flask, resting on the bottom board, H, is then placedV on the molding-table C, being guided into proper position by thelugs or ribs c2. The plate E, carrying the patterns e, is then drawn down by leverG, and the guide-rods f l enter the cleatsaI and draw and hold the flask and molding-taj ble`in proper line with the patterns, the flask and table being brought into` register with the patterns on account of the adjustability ofthe table. As thepatternsenterthesand theirbases press the sand below them downward, and the sides of the patterns press outthe sand, so that part of the sand is pressed through the holes h in the bottom board and f in the molding-table, and the sand in the ask conforms itself to the shape of the patterns, the molds being thus formed in the flask. If the patterns are -provided with skeleton cutters K, the cutters enter the sand and pass through theask ahead of the patterns, forming an opening entirely through the flask for the escape of the sand. Where rotary cutting patterns are em- The ployed the sand loosened or removed by them passes through this opening and falls through the bottom board. The patterns are then withdrawn from the flask, leaving the molds formed. `The cores are then placed in the flask, as above described, and the mold is ready for casting. Wherelongtubularmolds'areformed the flask is placed on another table, having the guiding apparatus mounted below it, as shown iu Fig. 6. The guide-rod p is raised through the base of the mold, and the end of the core-rod placed in the seat p2 and the cores lowered into the mold, as above described.

By my invention I am enabled to rapidly and at small expense form evenly-packed and perfect tubular molds. By the formation of the cope cavity, or cope-cavity and part ofthe mold, first, I overcome the objections to these long pressing-patterns ot' compacting the up per part of the mold more than is desired',an d enable them to enter the sand more easily, so that these long patterns may be formed by hand,otherpower having been heretofore found necessary to'press these patterns into the sand in forming the mold. By forming the mold entirelythrough the flask I remove the sand from the flask at the base ot' the mold and overcome the necessity of lifting it out and removing it from the patterns before another molding operation. I am also enabled to form a more perfectly packed mold, as the surplus sand is removed from the mold, instead of being pressed out into the walls by the entering patterns. l am also enabled to placethe cores into the molds more accurately, and to employ guiding apparatus for that purpose, as well as to do away with the large numberof corerods usually employed to support the Vcores into the molds, as the core-rod can be removed from each core at the base of the inold through the opening in the bottom board after the core is placed in the mold, as described in the application of even date herewith, referred to above. The guiding `apparatus, as it passes up through the moldsand guides the cores centrally to place therein, prevents the marring or injuring of the walls or the bottom of the molds, and enables `me to form perfect castings where the end of the casting is re quired to be formed square, as in wagon-boxes,`

thehole or cavity which is formed to finish the mold; and this is also included in my invention. l

No claim is made herein for the serrated or roughened core-venting rod or for the mold open `at both ends and core having a supporting or ventingrod adapted to be removed through the base of the mold, that being made IIO lr' l v awabl the subject ot' an application of even date ratus to hold the pattern and flask in proper herewith.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The method herein described of forming molds, consisting in nrst molding the copecavity and part of the 4mold in the mold material and then forming the remainder of the mold from the copecavity downward entirely through the mold material below the cope-cavity, and discharging the surplus material through the bottom ofthe mold.

2. The method herein described of forming molds, consisting in first compacting the mold material in the flask and then forming the mold from above Vthrough the mold material of the flask and discharging the mold material through the bottom of the mold, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of a vertically-moving pattern, a ask containing mold material, and a bottom board having an opening of approximately the same diameter as the base of the pattern, whereby said pattern is adapted to enter the mold material from above and discharge the mold material through the opening in the bottom board, substantially as de-t the standard 0, supported at the base in a scribed.

4. In combination with a flask containing sand, a bottom board havingan opening therein, and a pattern adapted to enter the sand from above and form a mold, and a skeleton cutter at the base of the pattern adapted to pass through the sand and the openingin the bottom board, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

5. In combination with the frame supporting a pattern, the pattern adapted to enter the ask and form molds, and an adjustable table supporting the flask and secured to a standard mounted in a movable joint, whereby the flask may be 1brought into register with the pattern, substantially as set forth.

6. In combination with a frame supporting a pattern or patterns mounted so as to move vertically therein, an adjustable table s'upporting a flask and secured to a standard mounted in a movable joint, and guide apparelative position, substantially as set forth.

7. In combination with the molding-frame D, the plate E, mounted therein and carrying the patterns e and guide-barsf, and the ask A, having the cleats a, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

8. In combination with the molding-table O, having the opening f, bottom board, H, having the opening h, of approximately the same diameter as the base of the pattern, and fiask A,

the patterns adapted to enter the ask from above and discharge the surplus sand through said openings, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

9. The molding-table C, having the standard c, supported at the base in a movablejoint,

' substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

10. The adjustable molding-table C, in com-k bination with the surrounding frame cl, sub

stantially as and for the purposes set forth.

11. The molding-table C, secured to the standard c, supported at the base in a movable joint, and having lugs or ribs c to guide the' flask to the proper position thereon, substanl tially as set forth.

12. The adjustable molding-table C, having movable joint, and provided with the apron c4, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

13. rlhe pattern e, having the skeleton frame K, formed of the arms k and rin'g k', substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

14..In combination with a mold extending entirely through the sand, guide apparatus adapted to enter the mold from below and guide the core to place therein, substantially as set forth. A

15. The guide apparatus mounted below the table and having the vertically-moving guiding-rod p,provided with the seat p2 at the top, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I, the said S. JARVIS ADAMS, have hereunto set my hand.

S. JARVIS ADAMS.

Witnesses:

JAMES I. KAY, F. G. KAY. 

